Description
Lámina de acero inoxidable 309s / 1.4833
La aleación 309/309S (UNS S30900/S30908) es un acero inoxidable austenítico que se utiliza normalmente para aplicaciones a temperaturas elevadas. Su alto contenido en cromo y níquel proporciona una resistencia a la corrosión comparable, una resistencia superior a la oxidación y la retención de una fracción mayor de la resistencia a temperatura ambiente que la aleación austenítica 304 común.
Alternative grades of equivalent materials
| China * GB | GB24511 | 06Cr23Ni13 |
| Japan | JIS | SUS309S |
| United States of America | ASTM | 309S |
| UNS | S30908 | |
| South Korea | KS | STS309S |
| European Union | BSEN | 1.4833 |
| India | IS | – |
| Australia | AS | 309S |
| Taiwan, China | CNS | 309S |
| Germany | DIN | X12CrNi23-13 |
| United Kingdom | BS970 BS1449 | – |
| Belgium | BS970Part1 | – |
General Properties
La aleación 309 (UNS S30900) es un acero inoxidable austenítico desarrollado para su uso en aplicaciones de resistencia a la corrosión a altas temperaturas. La aleación resiste la oxidación hasta 1038°C (1900°F) en condiciones no cíclicas. Los ciclos térmicos frecuentes reducen la resistencia a la oxidación hasta aproximadamente 1850°F (1010°C).
Debido a su alto contenido de cromo y bajo contenido de níquel, la Aleación 309 puede ser utilizada en atmósferas que contengan azufre hasta 1832°F (1000°C). La aleación no es recomendada para uso en atmósferas altamente carburantes ya que exhibe sólo una moderada resistencia a la absorción de carbono. La aleación 309 puede ser utilizada en aplicaciones de oxidación ligera, nitruración, cementación y ciclos térmicos, aunque la temperatura máxima de servicio debe ser reducida.
Cuando se calienta entre 1202 – 1742°F (650 – 950°C) la aleación está sujeta a la precipitación de la fase sigma. Un tratamiento de recocido en solución a 1100 – 1150°C (2012 – 2102°F) restablecerá un grado de tenacidad.
El 309S (UNS S30908) es la versión de bajo carbono de la aleación. Se utiliza para facilitar la fabricación. El 309H (UNS S30909) es una modificación con alto contenido en carbono desarrollada para mejorar la resistencia a la fluencia. En la mayoría de los casos, el tamaño del grano y el contenido de carbono de la placa pueden cumplir los requisitos de la 309S y la 309H.
La aleación 309 se puede soldar y procesar fácilmente mediante las prácticas de fabricación estándar del taller.
Applications
- Furnaces — burners, doors, fans, piping and recuperators
- Fluidized Bed Furnaces — grids, piping, wind boxes
- Paper Mill Equipment
- Petroleum Refining — catalytic recovery systems, recuperators
- Power Generation — pulverized coal burners, tube hangers
- Thermal Processing — annealing covers and boxes, burners grids, doors, fans, lead pans and neutral salt pots, muffles and retorts, recuperators, walking beams
- Waste Treatment — incinerators, rotary kilns and calciners
Standards
ASTM……..A 240
ASME……..SA 240
AMS……….5523
Corrosion Resistance
Wet Corrosion
Alloy 309 is not designed for service in wet corrosive environments. The high carbon content, which is present to enhance creep properties, has a detrimental effect on aqueous corrosion resistance. The alloy is prone to intergranular corrosion after long term exposure at high temperatures. However, due to its high chromium content (23%), Alloy 309 is more corrosion resistant than most heat resistant alloys.
High Temperature Corrosion
Alloy 309 resists high temperature corrosion in most in-service conditions. Operating temperatures are as follows:
Oxidizing conditions (max. sulfur content – 2 g/m3)
1922°F (1050°C) continuous service
2012°F (1100°C) peak temperature
Oxidizing conditions (max. sulfur greater than 2 g/m3)
1742°F (950°C) maximum temperature
Low oxygen atmosphere (max. sulfur content – 2 g/m3)
1832°F (1000°C) maximum temperature
Nitriding or carburizing atmospheres
1562 –1742°F (850 – 950°C) maximum
The alloy does not perform as well as Alloy 600 (UNS N06600) or Alloy 800 (UNS N08800) in reducing, nitriding or carburizing atmospheres, but it does outperform most heat resistant stainless steels in these conditions.
Creep Properties
Typical Creep Properties
| Temperature | Creep Strain (MPa) | Creep Rapture (MPa) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| °C | °F | 1000 H | 10000 H | 100000 H | 1000 H | 10000 H | 100000 H |
| 600 | 1112 | 120 | 80 | 40 | 190 | 120 | 65 |
| 700 | 1292 | 50 | 25 | 20 | 75 | 36 | 16 |
| 800 | 1472 | 20 | 10 | 8 | 35 | 18 | 7.5 |
| 900 | 1652 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 15 | 8.5 | 3 |
| 1000 | 1832 | 4 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 8 | 4 | 1.5 |
Chemical Analysis
Weight % (all values are maximum unless a range is otherwise indicated)
| Element | 309 | 309S | 309H |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chromium | 22.0 min.-24.0 max. | 22.0 min.-24.0 max. | 22.0 min.-24.0 max. |
| Nickel | 12.0 min.-15.0 max. | 12.0 min.-15.0 max. | 12.0 min.-15.0 max. |
| Carbon | 0.20 | 0.08 | 0.04 min.-0.10 max. |
| Manganese | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| Phosphorus | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.045 |
| Sulfer | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| Silicon | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| Iron | Balance | Balance | Balance |
Physical Properties
| Density | Thermal Conductivity 212°F (100°C) |
| 0.285 lbs/in3 | 9.0 BTU/hr/ft2/ft/°F |
| 7.89 g/cm3 | 15.6 W/m-°K |
| Specific Heat | Melting Range |
| 0.12 BTU/lb-°F (32 – 212°F) | 2500 – 2590°F |
| 502 J/kg-°K (0 – 100°C) | 1480 – 1530°C |
| Modulus of Elasticity | Electrical Resistivity |
| 28.5 x 106 psi | 30.7 Microhm-in at 68°C |
| 193 GPa | 78 Microhm-cm at 20°C |
Mechanical Properties
Typical Values at 68°F (20°C)
| Yield Strength 0.2% Offset |
Ultimate Tensile Strength |
Elongation in 2 in. |
Hardness | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| psi (min.) | (MPa) | psi (min.) | (MPa) | % (min.) | (max.) |
| 45,000 | 310 | 85,000 | 586 | 50 | 202 (HBN) |
Fabrication Data
Alloy 309 can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.
Hot Forming
Heat uniformly at 1742 – 2192°F (950 – 1200°C). After hot forming a final anneal at 1832 – 2101°F (1000 – 1150°C) followed by rapid quenching is recommended.
Cold Forming
The alloy is quite ductile and forms in a manner very similar to 316. Cold forming of pieces with long-term exposure to high temperatures is not recommended since the alloy is subject to carbide precipitation and sigma phase precipitants.
Welding
Alloy 309 can be readily welded by most standard processes including TIG, PLASMA, MIG, SMAW, SAW and FCAW.
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