Description
Lámina de acero inoxidable 316L / 1.4404
Alternative products of the same model
| China * GB | GB24511 | 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
| Japan | JIS | SUS316L |
| United States of America | ASTM | 316L |
| UNS | S31603 | |
| South Korea | KS | STS316L |
| European Union | BSEN | 1.4404 |
| India | IS | ~02Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
| Australia | AS | 316L |
| Taiwan, China | CNS | 316L |
| Germany | DIN | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 |
| United Kingdom | BS970 BS1449 | 316S12 |
| Belgium | BS970Part1 | – |
Thickness data sheet
| Gauge No. | (also I.S.W.G.)(Imperial)standard Wire Gauge)used for sheet.wire.nails | (Bimingham Wire Gauge)used for wire | (Birmingham Gauge)used for European steelsheets | Standard U.S.Gauge for steel sheets | |||||
| mm | Common value | inch | mm | inch | mm | inch | mm | inch | |
| 12 | 2.642 | 2.6 | 0.104 | 2.77 | 0.109 | 2.517 | 0.0991 | 2.657 | 0.1046 |
| 14 | 2.032 | 1.8-2.0 | 0.08 | 2.11 | 0.083 | 1.994 | 0.0785 | 1.897 | 0.0747 |
| 16 | 1.626 | 1.5-1.6 | 0.064 | 1.65 | 0.065 | 1.558 | 0.0625 | 1.519 | 0.0598 |
| 18 | 1.219 | 1.2 | 0.048 | 1.24 | 0.049 | 1.257 | 0.0495 | 1.214 | 0.0478 |
| 20 | 0.914 | 1 | 0.036 | 0.89 | 0.035 | 0.9957 | 0.0392 | 0.912 | 0.0359 |
| 22 | 0.711 | 0.8 | 0.028 | 0.71 | 0.028 | 0.7938 | 0.03125 | 0.759 | 0.0299 |
| 24 | 0.559 | 0.5 | 0.022 | 0.56 | 0.022 | 0.6289 | 0.02476 | 0.607 | 0.0239 |
| 26 | 0.457 | 0.018 | 0.46 | 0.018 | 0.4981 | 0.01961 | 0.455 | 0.0179 | |
Standard Specification
| Thickness | 0.25mm-100mm |
| Width | 1000mm, 1219mm, 1500mm, 1800mm, 2000mm, 2500mm, 3000mm, 3500mm, etc |
| Length | 2000mm, 2440mm, 3000mm, 5800mm, 6000mm, etc |
| Surface | 2B, 2D, BA, NO.1, NO.4, NO.8, 8K, mirror, checkered, embossed, hair line, sand blast, Brush, etching, etc |
| Finish | Hot rolled plate (HR), Cold rolled sheet (CR), 2B, 2D, BA NO(8), SATIN (Met with Plastic Coated) |
| Form | Coils, Foils, Rolls, Plain Sheet, Shim Sheet, Perforated Sheet, Chequered Plate, Strip, Flats, Blank (Circle), Ring (Flange) etc. |
What is the difference between 316 and 316L?
1. Different ingredients
316L is ultra-low carbon, and L stands for low carbon, so the carbon content of 316L is lower than that of 316.
316 chemical composition C (carbon) ≤0.08, 316L chemical composition (%): C (carbon) ≤0.03
2. Different corrosion resistance
316L stainless steel has better resistance to intergranular corrosion and better anti-corrosion and anti-rust ability.
3. Different intensity
The strength of 316L material is lower than that of 316, which is convenient for processing.
Yield strength: 316 material is 210 (N/MM2), 316L material is 180 (N/MM2).
Tensile strength: 316 material is 520 (N/MM2), 316L material is 480 (N/MM2)
4. Different welding methods
The welded section of 316 stainless steel requires post-weld annealing treatment, while 316L stainless steel does not.
5. There are differences in grades
316 grade: the old grade is 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, and the new grade is 06C17N12M2, which is the American standard TP316 and the Japanese standard SUS316.
316L grade: The old grade is 00Cr17Ni14Mo2, and the grade is 022C17N12M2, which is the standard TP316L and the Japanese standard SUS316L.
6. Heat resistance
316 material can be used intermittently below 1600 degrees and continuous use below 1700 degrees, but it is best not to use 316 stainless steel in the range of 800-1575 degrees.
316L stainless steel has better resistance to carbide precipitation than 316 stainless steel, and it can also be used in the temperature range of 800-1575 degrees.
General Properties
Alloy 316/316L (UNS S31600/S31603) is a chromium-nickelmolybdenum austenitic stainless steel developed to provide improved corrosion resistance to Alloy 304/304L in moderately corrosive environments. It is often utilized in process streams containing chlorides or halides. The addition of molybdenum improves general corrosion and chloride pitting resistance. It also provides higher creep, stress-to-rupture and tensile strength at elevated temperatures.
It is common practice for 316L to be dual certified as 316 and 316L. The low carbon chemistry of 316L combined with an addition of nitrogen enables 316L to meet the mechanical properties of 316.
Alloy 316/316L resists atmospheric corrosion, as well as, moderately oxidizing and reducing environments. It also resists corrosion in polluted marine atmospheres. The alloy has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion in the as-welded condition. Alloy 316/316L has excellent strength and toughness at cryogenic temperatures.
Alloy 316/316L is non-magnetic in the annealed condition, but can become slightly magnetic as a result of cold working or welding. It can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.
Corrosion Resistance
316 and 316L stainless steels are stainless steels containing molybdenum. The molybdenum content in 316L stainless steel is slightly higher than that of 316 stainless steel. So in most applications Alloy 316/316L has superior corrosion resistance to Alloy 304/304L. Process environments that do not corrode Alloy 304/304L will not attack this grade. One exception, however, is in highly oxidizing acids such as nitric acid where stainless steels containing molybdenum are less resistant. Alloy 316/316L performs well in sulfur containing service such as that encountered in the pulp and paper industry. The alloy can be used in high concentrations at temperatures up to 120°F (38°C).
Alloy 316/316L also has good resistance to pitting in phosphoric and acetic acid. It performs well in boiling 20% phosphoric acid. The alloy can also be used in the food and pharmaceutical process industries where it is utilized to handle hot organic and fatty acids in an effort to minimize product contamination.
Alloy 316/316L performs well in fresh water service even with high levels of chlorides. The alloy has excellent resistance to corrosion in marine environments under atmospheric conditions.
The higher molybdenum content of Alloy 316/316L assures it will have superior pitting resistance to Alloy 304/304L in applications involving chloride solutions, particularly in an oxidizing environment.
In most instances, the corrosion resistance of Alloys 316 and 316L will be roughly equal in most corrosive environments. However, in environments that are sufficiently corrosive to cause intergranular corrosion of welds and heat-affected zones Alloy 316L should be used because of its low carbon content.
| Composition (Weight Percent) | CCT2 | CPT3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALLOY | Cr | Mo | N | PREN1 | °F (°C) | °F (°C) |
| Type 304 | 18.0 | — | 0.06 | 19.0 | <27.5 (<-2.5) |
— — |
| Type 316 | 16.5 | 2.1 | 0.05 | 24.2 | 27.5 (-2.5) |
59 (15.0) |
| Type 317 | 18.5 | 3.1 | 0.06 | 29.7 | 35.0 (1.7) |
66 (18.9) |
| SSC-6MO | 20.5 | 6.2 | 0.22 | 44.5 | 110 (43.0) |
149 (65) |
1Pitting Resistance Equivelant, including Nitrogen, PREN=Cr + 3.3Mo + 16N
2Critical Crevice Corrosion Temperature, CCCT, based on ASTM G-48B (6% FeCl3 for 72 hr, with crevices
3Critical Pitting Temperature, CPT based on ASTM G-48A (6% FeCl3 for 72 hr)
Lowest Temperature (°F) at Which the Corrosion Rate Exceeds 5mpy
| CORROSION ENVIRONMENT |
Type 316L |
Type 304 |
2205 (UNS S32205) |
2507 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.2% Hydrochloric Acid | >Boiling | >Boiling | >Boiling | >Boiling |
| 1% Hydrochloric Acid | 86 | 86p | 185 | >Boiling |
| 10% Sulfuric Acid | 122 | — | 140 | 167 |
| 60% Sulfuric Acid | <54 | — | <59 | <57 |
| 96% Sulfuric Acid | 113 | — | 77 | 86 |
| 85% Phosphoric Acid | 203 | 176 | 194 | 203 |
| 10% Nitric Acid | >Boiling | >Boiling | >Boiling | >Boiling |
| 65% Niitric Acid | 212 | 212 | 221 | 230 |
| 80% Acetic Acid | >Boiling | 212p | >Boiling | >Boiling |
| 50% Formic Acid | 104 | ≤50 | 194 | 194 |
| 50% Sodium Hydroxide | 194 | 185 | 194 | 230 |
| 83% Phosphoric Acid + 2% Hydrofluoric Acid |
149 | 113 | 122 | 140 |
| 60% Nitric Acid + 2% Hydrocloric Acid |
>140 | >140 | >140 | >140 |
| 50% Acetic Acid + 50% Acetic Anhydride |
248 | >Boiling | 212 | 230 |
| 1% Hydrochloric Acid + 0.3% Ferric Chloride |
77p | 68p | 113ps | 203ps |
| 10% Sulfuric Acid + 2000ppm Cl- + N2 |
77 | — | 95 | 122 |
| 10% Sulfuric Acid + 2000ppm Cl- + SO2 |
<<59p | — | <59 | 104 |
| WPA1, High Cl- Content | ≤50 | <<50 | 113 | 203 |
| WPA2, High F- Content | ≤50 | <<50 | 140 | 167 |
ps = pitting can occur
ps = pitting/crevice corrosion can occur
| WPA | P2O5 | CL– | F– | H2SO4 | Fe2O3 | Al2O3 | SiO2 | CaO | MgO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 54 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 4.0 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.70 |
| 2 | 54 | 0.02 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.70 |
Chemical Analysis
Weight % (all values are maximum unless a range is otherwise indicated)
| Element | 316 | 316L |
|---|---|---|
| Chromium | 16.0 min.-18.0 max. | 16.0 min.-18.0 max. |
| Nickel | 10.0 min.-14.0 max. | 10.0 min.-14.0 max. |
| Molybdenum | 2.00 min.-3.00 max. | 2.00 min.-3.00 max. |
| Carbon | 0.08 | 0.030 |
| Manganese | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| Phosphorus | 0.045 | 0.045 |
| Sulfer | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Silicon | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| Nitrogen | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Iron | Balance | Balance |
Physical Properties
| Density | Thermal Conductivity 212°F (100°C) |
| 0.285 lbs/in3 | 10.1 BTU/hr/ft2/ft/°F |
| 7.90 g/cm3 | 14.6 W/m-°K |
| Specific Heat | Melting Range |
| 0.11 BTU/lb-°F (32 – 212°F) | 2450 – 2630°F |
| 450 J/kg-°K (0 – 100°C) | 1390 – 1440°C |
| Modulus of Elasticity | Electrical Resistivity |
| 29.0 x 106 psi | 29.1 Microhm-in at 68°C |
| 200 GPa | 74 Microhm-cm at 20°C |
Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
| Temperature Range | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| °F | °C | in/in °F | cm/cm °C |
| 68-212 | 20-100 | 9.2 x 10-6 | 16.6 x 10-6 |
| 68-932 | 20-500 | 10.1 x 10-6 | 18.2 x 10-6 |
| 68-1832 | 20-1000 | 10.8 x 10-6 | 19.4 x 10-6 |
Mechanical Properties
At Room Temperature
| ASTM | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Typical* | Type 316 | Type 316L | |
| 0.2% Offset Yield Strength, ksi | 44 | 30 min. | 25 min. |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength, ksi | 85 | 75 min. | 70 min. |
| Elongation in 2 inches, % | 56 | 40 min. | 40 min. |
| Reduction in Area, % | 69 | — | — |
| Hardness, Rockwell B | 81 | 95 max. | 95 max. |
*0.375 inch plate
Fabrication Data
Alloy 316/316L can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.
Hot Forming
Working temperatures of 1700 – 2200°F (927 – 1204°C) are recommended for most hot working processes. For maximum corrosion resistance, the material should be annealed at 1900°F (1038°C) minimum and water quenched or rapidly cooled by other means after hot working.
Cold Forming
The alloy is quite ductile and forms easily. Cold working operations will increase the strength and hardness of the alloy and might leave it slightly magnetic.
Machining
Alloy 316/316L is subject to work hardening during deformation and is subject to chip breaking. The best machining results are achieved with slower speeds, heavier feeds, excellent lubrication, sharp tooling and powerful rigid equipment.
| Operation | Tool | Lubrication | CONDITIONS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depth-mm | Depth-in | Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||
| Turning | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.5 | .019 | 11-16 | 36.1-52.5 |
| Turning | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.4 | .016 | 18-23 | 59.1-75.5 |
| Turning | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 1 | .04 | 0.2 | .008 | 25-30 | 82-98.4 |
| Turning | Carbide | Dry or Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.5 | .019 | 70-80 | 229.7-262.5 |
| Turning | Carbide | Dry or Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.4 | .016 | 85-95 | 278.9-312.7 |
| Turning | Carbide | Dry or Cutting Oil | 1 | .04 | 0.2 | .008 | 100-110 | 328.1-360.9 |
| Depth of cut-mm | Depth of cut-in | Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||
| Cutting | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 1.5 | .06 | 0.03-0.05 | .0012-.0020 | 16-21 | 52.5-68.9 |
| Cutting | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.04-0.06 | .0016-.0024 | 17-22 | 55.8-72.2 |
| Cutting | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.05-0.07 | .0020-.0027 | 18-23 | 59-75.45 |
| Drill ø mm | Drill ø in | Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||
| Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 1.5 | .06 | 0.02-0.03 | .0008-.0012 | 10-14 | 32.8-45.9 |
| Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.05-0.06 | .0020-.0024 | 12-16 | 39.3-52.5 |
| Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.08-0.09 | .0031-.0035 | 12-16 | 39.3-52.5 |
| Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 12 | .48 | 0.09-0.10 | .0035-.0039 | 12-16 | 39.3-52.5 |
| Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||||
| Milling Profiling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 0.05-0.10 | .002-.004 | 10-20 | 32.8-65.6 | ||
Welding
Alloy 316/316L can be readily welded by most standard processes. A post
weld heat treatment is not necessary.
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